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  • Autism (64)
  • Diagnosis & Therapy (10)
  • FRAT (1)
  • Neurodiversity & Wellbeing (74)
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  • Science (44)
    • Autism Spectrum Disorders – I (Neurotypical Brain versus Autistic Brain) (8)
    • Autism Spectrum Disorders – II (Comorbid Mental Health Problems) (7)
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    • Developmental Delays (In Infancy and Early Childhood) (5)
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    • First 1000 Days (From Conception to 2 years of Age) (3)
    • Folate and Vitamin B12 (In Health and Disease) (9)
    • Microbiome (In Health and Disease) (5)
    • Mitochondria (In Health and Disease) (3)
    • Nutrition (In Health and Disease) (1)
  • Signs & Symptoms (7)
ATP ~ The Molecular Currency that Keeps Life Running - Structure of ATP Molecule
Mitochondria (In Health and Disease)

ATP: The Molecular Currency That Keeps Life Running

ATP is the engine of life—understand its discovery, structure, and function in powering cells through respiration, fermentation, and photosynthesis.

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Autism Visual story to help your child learn what to expect around Halloween
Autism

How to make Halloween more enjoyable & inclusive for autistic people

Olivia and Ethan are two small children who love Halloween. While Olivia loves the bright and colorful costumes, Ethan loves the candy.

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Autism Spectrum Disorders – I (Neurotypical Brain versus Autistic Brain) Neurotypical of Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)
Autism Spectrum Disorders – I (Neurotypical Brain versus Autistic Brain)

The Neurotypical Brain versus the Autistic Brain: Brain Chemistry in ASD

Figure 1. Distribution of Biogenic Amine Neurotransmitters in the Human Brain. Current knowledge dictates that neurotransmitter system dysfunction could be the cause of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), by affecting neuronal migration, differentiation,…

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Autism Infographic representing the key differences in signs & symptoms of developmental delay vs autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Autism

Developmental Delay vs Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): What first-time parents need to know

Sarah was a first-time mom, and she was over the moon when her son, Michael, was born. He was a healthy baby, and Sarah loved spending time with him. But as Michael got older, Sarah started to worry…

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Autism ADHD
Autism

October is ADHD Awareness month!

Oftentimes ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) and Autism get confused. ADHD and autism can have many overlapping symptoms…

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Autism Spectrum Disorders – I (Neurotypical Brain versus Autistic Brain) chemical synapse
Autism Spectrum Disorders – I (Neurotypical Brain versus Autistic Brain)

The Neurotypical Brain versus the Autistic Brain: Neurotypical Brain Chemistry

Figure 1. Chemical Synapse – Steps of Synaptic Transmission: Neurotransmitter release at the synapse, into the synaptic cleft…

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Signs & Symptoms
Signs & Symptoms

Folate Receptor Autoantibodies and Depression

Depression is a major cause of morbidity and is the second-leading cause of disability world-wide…

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Signs & Symptoms This infographic displays a road map for early intervention in autism
Signs & Symptoms

AUTOANTIBODIES – What are they and what is their role in overall health?

Autoantibodies are antibodies produced by the immune system that target…

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Folate and Vitamin B12 (In Health and Disease) Overview of Folate Homeostasis
Folate and Vitamin B12 (In Health and Disease)

Folate Homeostasis and Tissue Accumulation: What You Need to Know

Figure 1. Atypical Pattern of Connectivity in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) …

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Autism This infographic displays a road map for early intervention in autism
Autism

Early Intervention in Autism (ASD) – A Life-Changing Opportunity

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is on the rise across the US, a fact acknowledged by experts…

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Autism Folate Receptor Autoantibodies in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism

Folate Receptor Autoantibodies in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Vitamin B9, also referred to as folate or folic acid, is critical water-soluble B-vitamin…

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Autism
Autism

Navigating Social Challenges: A Guide for Caregivers of High-Functioning Autistic Children

Let us step into the shoes of Ethan, a devoted parent who has just…

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Autism Spectrum Disorders – I (Neurotypical Brain versus Autistic Brain) brain structure in autism spectrum disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorders – I (Neurotypical Brain versus Autistic Brain)

The Neurotypical Brain versus the Autistic Brain: Brain Structure in ASD

Figure 1. Atypical Pattern of Connectivity in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Atypical patterns of connectivity in ASD…

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Autism This image depicts examples of hyper- sensitivity and hypo-sensitivity in autistic kids.
Autism

Sensory Issues and Autism: An all you need to know guide for parents & caregivers

It’s Saturday morning, and the first thing on David’s to-do list for the weekend is to vacuum the house…

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Autism Spectrum Disorders – I (Neurotypical Brain versus Autistic Brain) external view showing the lobes of the-brain
Autism Spectrum Disorders – I (Neurotypical Brain versus Autistic Brain)

The Neurotypical Brain versus the Autistic Brain: Neurotypical Brain Structure

Figure 1. Atypical Pattern of Connectivity in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)…

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Autism Infographic representing difference between autism tests vs tests for other disorders
Autism

Decoding Autism: Essential Tests and Key Indicators You Can’t Afford to Ignore

Welcome to your guide to understanding autism tests. If you suspect…

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  • FRAT® (Folate Receptor Antibody Test) is a diagnostic blood test that screens for Folate Receptor Autoantibodies. Developed in the laboratory of Dr. Edward Quadros at the State University of New York (SUNY Downstate), FRAT® is the only assay that identifies BOTH blocking and binding Folate Receptor Autoantibodies. FRAT®, as published in the New England Journal of Medicine, and used in numerous clinical trials, is the world's leading assay of its kind.

    The presence of Folate Receptor Autoantibodies suggests that folate (vitamin B9), which is an essential vitamin for proper growth and neurological function, is not being properly transported to the brain and into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

    Folate Receptor Autoantibodies have been found in Cerebral Folate Deficiency Syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Depression, Schizophrenia as well as other neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.

    Diagnosis of Folate Receptor Autoantibodies should be done as early as possible as this may affect treatment outcomes.

    Please consult your physician for further information.

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