What is non-verbal autism?

Understanding the nuances of non-verbal autism can be challenging because the line between verbal and non-verbal autism is blurred. While kids with non-verbal autism may have limited or no verbal communication, they often possess unique ways of expressing themselves.

One common example is the use of single words or phrases. For example, a child with non-verbal autism might say “car” when they see a car, but they may struggle to use the word in a sentence or to express a specific need related to cars. The child might use the word ‘car’ in various ways, often beyond its literal meaning. For instance, they might say “car” when they see a car, but they may also use it to express their desire to play with a car toy. Instead of saying “I want to sit in the car”, they might simply say “car” while pointing to a car seat or making gestures indicating their intention.

A child with non-verbal autism might use echolalia, which is the repetition of words or phrases they’ve heard. For example, if they hear someone say “Hello, how are you today?”, they might repeat it verbatim.

However, it’s important to note that this doesn’t necessarily mean they understand the meaning of the words. They might be repeating them simply because they find them interesting or because they’ve learned that it’s a socially acceptable response. If you notice your child with autism exhibiting signs of echolalia, consider reading our blog Echolalia in Autism: Causes, Types, Reasons, Treatment and Support

Autistic kids identified as non-verbal often develop unique and creative ways to communicate their thoughts, feelings, and needs. Here are some common alternative communication methods often used by non-verbal autistic kids:

• Gestures and Pointing

  Children with non-verbal autism may use gestures or pointing to indicate their needs or desires. For example, they might point to a toy they want or point to their mouth when they’re hungry.

• Vocalizations

  Non-verbal children may use sounds or vocalizations to express their emotions or communicate their wants and needs.

• Visual Aids

  Visual aids, such as picture schedules or communication boards, can help individuals with non-verbal autism express themselves and understand their environment.

• Assistive Technology

  Devices like speech-generating devices (SGDs) or iPads with communication apps can provide alternative means of communication.

Diagnosing non-verbal autism involves a comprehensive evaluation by a qualified healthcare professional. There is no single test that can definitively diagnose autism, but a combination of assessments and observations is typically used.

Key steps in the diagnostic process:

1. Parental concerns: Parents often notice early signs of autism, such as delayed speech or language development, lack of eye contact, or repetitive behaviors.
2. Developmental screenings: Pediatricians may conduct developmental screenings to identify potential developmental delays or concerns.
3. Comprehensive evaluation: A multidisciplinary team, including a developmental pediatrician, psychologist, speech-language pathologist, and occupational therapist, may conduct a thorough evaluation to assess various areas of development.
4. Diagnostic tools: Standardized assessment tools, such as the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) or the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), can be used to help diagnose autism.

While the exact causes of non-verbal autism remain unclear, recent research has focused on the role of auditory processing in non-verbal autism. Studies suggest that individuals with non-verbal autism may have differences in how their brains process auditory information, which can contribute to language delays.

A 2019 study found that nonverbal and minimally verbal autistic individuals may have delayed responses to auditory tones compared to verbal autistic and typically developing children.^[2] This suggests that differences in how the brain processes auditory information may play a role in language development.

While the causes of non-verbal autism are complex and multifaceted, ongoing research continues to shed light on the underlying factors. More research is needed to fully understand the causes of non-verbal autism, however, these findings provide valuable insights into the complex factors that may influence communication development in individuals with ASD.

Non-verbal autism is often associated with Autism Level 3, the most severe level of the disorder. Individuals with Autism Level 3 require substantial support in daily living and exhibit significant challenges in communication, social interaction, and behavior.

While not all individuals with non-verbal autism will fall into Autism Level 3, it’s important to recognize that many individuals with limited or no verbal communication may require significant support.

While non-verbal autism is primarily characterized by communication challenges, it’s important to consider the potential impact of underlying medical conditions. Research suggests a connection between cerebral folate deficiency (CFD) and autism, particularly in individuals with severe symptoms or limited verbal abilities.